Window structure



March 19, 1957 F. ND 2,785,444

WINDOW STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 20. 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 19, 1957 L. F. BENDER wmnow STRUCTURE 5 Shets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 20. 1952 INVENTOR. LLOYD F. BENDER ATTORNEY March 19, 1957 Filed Aug. 20. 1952 FIG. 4

L. F. BENDER WINDOW STRUCTURE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 S. F/G. 7 a? 46 INVENTOR. LLOYD F. BENDER ATTORNEY March Filed Aug. 20. 1952 L. F. BENDER WINDOW STRUCTURE FIG. 9

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 JNVENTOR.

LLOYD F4 BENDER ATTORNEY This invention relates to windows, and in particular to double-hung, vertically slidable windows.

One object of the invention is to provide a window of the character described having an improved hinge mechanism by which each window sash is laterally shiftable and inwardly swingable past the steps of the usual guide channels therefor, and wherein locking means is provided for preventing said lateral shifting of the sash in normal vertically slidable retention of the same in the guide channels.

Another object of the invention is to provide a window construction of the character described having novel means for effectively weather-sealing said sashes in the guide channels thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a window construction of the character described wherein the sashes have superposed auxiliary storm window attachments slidable therewith in the same guide channels, and wherein the superposed sashes are operable with respect to each other to provide said weather-sealing effect and at the same time to lock the sashes against sliding movement in the guide channels.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a modified form of the invention wherein said weathersealing and locking'characteristics of the preceding object are effectively applied without the use of said auxiliary sashes.

Other objects of the invention will be manifest from the following brief description and the accompanying drawings.

Of the accompanying drawings:

Figure l is a front elevation, partly broken away, of a window construction embodying the features of the invention, as viewed from the inside of the window, the same being in closed, locked and weather-sealed condition.

Figure 2 is an enlarged horizontal cross-section through the window, taken substantially on'the line 22 of "Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical cross-secit'ion, partly broken away, taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Figure 2, illustrating portions of the hinge and locking mechanisms, the upper sash.

Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-section corresponding to the left-hand portion of Figure 2, but with the upper and lower sashes swung to fully open positions, :and showing hinge mechanisms thereof.

Figure 5 is a rear view in cross-section, through the lower sash on a smaller scale andpartly broken away, as

viewed rearwardly substantially on the line 55 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is an enlarged cross-section taken substantially on theline 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a similarly enlarged fragmentary cross-section taken substantially on the line 7-7 of Figure 5.

Figure '8 is an enlarged fragmentary. cross-section taken substantially on the line 88 of Figure 5. Figure 9 is a rear viewin cross-section, similar toFig- States .atent O 2,785,444 Patented Mar. 19, 1957 ure 5, showing the hinge edge of the upper sash, taken substantially on the line 9-9 of Figure 4.

Figure '10 is a fragmentary-enlarged edge view'ofthe top portion of the lower sash, at the free'side edgethereof opposite the hinge side.

Figure '11 is an enlargedfragmentary cross-section taken substantially on the line 11-11 of Figure 9.

Figure 12 is a fragmentary cross-section corresponding to the lefthand portion of Figure 2, illustrating a modified form of window in which storm-sashes areomitted.

Referring particularly to Figures 1 and 2 there isillustrated a double-hung window .15 including a frame .16 mounted in a wall structure 17, and upper and lower sashes 13 and 1 Upper sash 18 .is vertically slidable between laterally opposite, relatively ,deep .and shallow guide channels 29 and 21 in side jambs 22 and 23, respectively, defined by an outer stop 24 andaparting'strip 25 on the jamb 22, and an outer'stop 26 and a parting strip 27 on the jarnb 23. Similarly, lower sash 19 is vertically slidable betweencorrespondingly opposite relatively deep and shallow guide channels 28 and .29 in the side jambs 22 and23, respectively, defined by a parting strip 25 and aninner stop 30 on jamb 22 and aparting strip 27 and an inner stop 31 on opposite jamb 23.

To facilitate washing 'andother operationson the window, the sashes 13 and 19am mounted on extensible and retractible hinges :34, 34 and 33, .33, respectively,iin a manner which does not interfere with vertical sliding movement of the sashes. Accordingly, one side edge of the sash rail 19:: of sash 19has secured thereon vertically spaced hingebrackets 35, 55 (Figures '4 and'S) in which hinge pins 36, 316 turn about a vertical axis, said pins having outwardly angular. extensions 37 threaded or otherwise pivotally attached to one 'end of an arm or link 38 to pivot the same about an axis normal'tothe general plane of vertical sliding movement of'the lower sash, the other end of arm 38 being pivotally attached toa pin 39 of a clevis 4tl having oppositely out-turned portions 41, 41 vertically slidably received in a metal channel 42 secured along the inner face of guideway 28. The arm 38 is limited in horizontally extended position :by engagement ofa beveledinner end extension 38a thereof with a webipertion 49a of'clevis 40. The flange portions 41 may constitute side edges of an elongated strip 41a having attached at'its upper end a tape 41b for a sash counterbalaucing device (not shown), used with relatively large windows. Thus, in the closed relative position :;of sash 19 shown in Figure 2, the same is adapted first to be pushed laterally to the left, as shown in chain-dotted lines, to permit the opposite edgeof the sash to clear the inner stop 31 upon swinging the vs-ash inwardly on hinge pivot pin 36. Upon clearing stop 31, downward pressure on the sash will cause extension of the-hinges33, to permit further inward swinging movement of the sash from the position thereof in Figure 2 to the position shown in Figure 4.

Referring back to the closed position of sash 19, shown in Figure 2, said initial lateral movement thereof tothe left may "be normally prevented byprovisionof a pressure bar 44 which also serves other purposes to be described later. Accordingly, the bar 44 is verticallyslidably mounted against the hinge side edge of the. sash, by means of vertically spaced screws 45, 45 loosely received through angular cam slots 46, 46 in the bar andthreaded into the sash, whereby in said retracted window-closed position of each hinge .(Figure.2),..the bar istheld inthc relative chain-dotted position thereof of Figure 5 by a spring 66, in which inner edge portions .47, 47 of clevis 46 are inrstop engagement withsaid bar. in the relative position of bar 44 shown inFigure 5,, but with the hinge mechanisms upwardly contracted, the aforementioned initial movement to the left as viewedin Figure 2 is made possible by provision of cut-outs 48, 48 in the bar registering with clevis-receiving recesses 49, 49 in the edge of the sash (Figure 2). Means for vertically reciprocating the bar will be described later.

An auxiliary or storm sash 51, hinged at 36, 36 to sash 19, has athin metal frame 53 superposed on the outer face of sash 19, as best shown in Figure 2, to be vertically slidable therewith in an unlocked or unclamped condition thereof, which will be described later. Figure 2 also shows the bar 44 operated transversely outwardly and in engagement with the inner face of auxiliary sash 51 to urge the two sashes apart and thereby, in conjunction with a similarly operated pressure bar 32 at the opposite side edge of sash 19, to apply clamping pressure between the same and opposite sides of the channels 28 and 29, said clamping pressure providing an effective double seal against weather all around both sashes. The hinge connections 36 each include hinge parts 55 fixed to auxiliary sash 51 and a plate 56 pivoted thereto having therein a slot 57 receiving a square spacer 58 secured against the corresponding edge of sash 19 by the fixed pin 45, extended through angular slot 46 of bar 44 and the spacer S, and threaded into said sash 19, as shown in Figures 5 and 6. In this manner the auxiliary sash may be swung outwardly on hinge points 36 in the Figure 4 to an open position of the sashes as for cleaning purposes, and yet the hinge points are shiftable to permit said separating or clamping movement of the sashes in the closed position (Figure 2), which also serves to lock the sashes in vertically adjustable positions in the guideways.

Referring particularly to Figures 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8, clamping bar 44 may be vertically reciprocated by turning a handle 60 to rotate a shaft 61 journalled laterally through the side rail 19:: of sash 19, and thereby to swing an arm 63 fixed on said shaft to move a rod 64 connected between the free end of the arm and a pivot pin 65 on the inner face of the bar (see Figure 5). Thus, the handle 60 is operable in one direction to swing arm 63 downwardly to a past dead-center position thereof shown in Figure 5, and through rod 64 to urge bar 44 downwardly against the action of tension spring 66 connected between the bar and the sash rail 19a, until the fixed pins 45 are at the upper ends of slots 46, the bar 44 being releasably held in this down position by the dead-center condition of arm 63 and rod 64.

On the other hand, when the handle 60 is operated in the opposite direction the dead-center lock of arm 63 is released and spring 66 is then free to urge said bar upwardly and outwardly to clamping-pressure engagement with the auxiliary sash, as will be best understood by reference to Figures 5 and 8. When the window is closed, as in Figures 1 and 2, this handle 60 will have been turned to position the bar 44 in the up position to prevent entry of the hinge clevises 34 into the sash recesses 49, as described above. In addition to the spring 66, resilient links 67, 67 of arcuate shape may be extended between the sash 19 and the bar 44, tending to urge the bar transversely toward uniform clamping engagement with the auxiliary sash 51 in conjunction with the action of spring 66.

The opposite pressure bar 32 (see Figures 2 and referred to above, is urged toward clamping engagement with auxiliary sash 51 by a spring corresponding to spring 66, and is vertically reciprocated by operation of a handle 68 corresponding to handle 66, through a reciprocating mechanism as previously described in con-- nection with Figures 5 and 8. The pressure bar 32 otherwise may be yieldingly actuated substantially in the manner of bar 44. For locking the auxiliary sash 51 against hinging action thereof on sash 19, as when the superposed sashes are in a non-clamping condition, at vertically spaced points on the outer edge portion of the bar 32 may be angular out-turned cam lugs 69 (see Figure 10), which, upon moving the bar downwardly by operation of the respective reciprocating mechanism, engage complementally angular inturned lugs 70 on a marginal flange 71 of the auxiliary sash. Figure 10 shows a pair of said lugs 69 and 70 in unlocked condition, and the bar 32 urged outwardly to apply clamping pressure to sash 51.

As best shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 11, the upper sash 18 is very much similar to the lower sash in construction and operation. Each extensible and re tractible mechanism 34, for example, is like the hinge mechanism 33, except that the arms 73 are longer to permit the sash and its superposed auxiliary, sash 75 to be swung inwardly without interference with sash 19 and its auxiliary sash (see Figure 4). Clevis 76 may have a recess 77 in the flanges backing part 78 thereof, through which, in the extended condition of the hinge, an angular end of the arm 73 is received to wedge against the wall 79 of channel 8 1' corresponding to channel 42 and thereby prevent vertical sliding of the clevis under weight of the superposed sashes on side arm 73. A spring 31 may be provided tending to urge each arm 73 downwardly to facilitate full operation of the hinge mechanisms (see Figures 3 and 9). As before, the hinge mechanism 34 is vertically slidable in a channel in guideway 20 and is operable from a contracted condition, shown in Figures 2 and 3, in which the window is closed to the extended condition shown in Figures 4 and 9, in which the window is open with both sets of sashes swung inwardly. in said closed condition of the window the hinge mechanism 34 is retained in said retracted condition by engagement of clevis 76 with pressure bar 83 corresponding to pressure bar 44 of sash 19, and is otherwise operable in similar manner. A pressure bar 84 at the opposite side edge of sash 18 operates substantially the same as corresponding pressure bar 32 of of said sash 19.

Figures 3 and 9 show a somewhat modified form of operating mechanism for both pressure bars 33 and 84, wherein self-locking handles 35 at inner edges of the sash stiles are swingable in a vertical plane to avoid projection of the handles which would prevent sliding movement of the upper and lower sashes past each other. In each case, handle 85 is operable to reciprocate a pin 86, which through a suitable spring-pressed linkage S7 vertically reciprocates pressure bar 83 (or 84 as the case may be) against a clamping-pressure spring 39, as before, to apply weather-sealing clamping pressure to auxiliary sash 75 and at the same time lock the hinge mechanism 34 in contracted condition. Spring-pressure for the handle 85, referred to above, is provided at 88 in the linkage 87 (Figure 3) to assure complete operation of handle 85 to opposite cam-locked positions thereof.

Either of the hinge mechanisms, 33 or 34, may be used on both upper and lower sashes to suit conditions.

In use of the window described above, in the closed positions shown in Figures 1 and 2, the upper and lower sashes, 18 and 19 are normally in weather-sealing relation with respect to the parting strips 25, 27 and inner stops 30 and 31, respectively, by spring-pressed action of top pressure bars 83, 84 and bottom pressure bars 44, 32 clampingly pressing the top and bottom auxiliary sashes 75 and 51 respectively against outer stops 24, 26 and parting strips 25 and 27. Either the top or bottom sets of sashes may be raised or lowered by partly releasing the pairs of handles 85, 85 or 60, 68 to case said clamping pressure sufiiciently to permit vertical sliding action along the guide channels 26, 21 or 28, 29, in which case the clevises 76 or 4& slide in the metal channel strips, 42, 42b with the respective hinge mechanisms 34 and 33 locked in retracted condition by said pressure bars 83 and 44. In other Words, the superposed sashes may be fixed in any given position of vertical sliding movement.

Assuming, however, that it is desired to swing the sets of superposed sashes inwardly for washing purposes, first the handles 61 68 (see Figure .1) are turned upwardly,

to swing arm 63 (Figure yieldingly to urge the pressure bars 44 and 32 downwardly, to release the spring- .actuated clamping pressure on auxiliary sash 51, and at the same time unlocking the hinge clevises as previously described and interlocking the sash-locking lugs 69 and 70 (Figure to hold the superposed sashes together against hinging action with respect to each other. This permits the superposed sashes to be urged to the left in channel 23 and then to be swung inwardly on hinge mechanisms 33, without removal of the inner stops 31, as shown in chain-dotted lines in Figure 2, after which by extension of said hinge mechanisms the sash is (with sash 51) may be further swung inwardly against inner stop 30, as shown in Figure 4. In this latter position, upon moving pressure bar 32 upwardly as shown in Figure it), the auxiliary sash 51 is separable from sash 19 about the hinge point 36, as for washing all sides of the usual glass panels of the sashes. The upper sash 13 with its superposed auxiliary sash may also be similarly swung inwardly, as shown in Figure 4, upon lifting handles 85, 85 to actuate mechanism 87 (Figure 3) and thereby release pressure bars 83 and 84. Conversely, the upper and lower sets of sashes are returned from the position of Figure 4 to the position of Figure 2 and clamped in given position of vertical sliding movement in the guideways of the Window frame by actuation of the pairs of handles 85, 85 and en, 63.

Figure 12 illustrates a modified form of the invention which is in all respects substantially as previously described, except that the auxiliary or storm sashes are omitted. For this purpose, pressure bars 90 and 91 of the upper and lower sashes 93 and 94- are yieldingly olampingly urged by means described above, into direct pressure engagement with outer and inner stops 95 and 96, which retain said sashes into weather-sealing engagement with correspondingly opposite portions of the parting strip 97. The pressure strips (not shown) at the opposite edges of the sashes are similarly modified and operable.

Other modifications of the invention may be resorted to without departing from the spirit thereof or the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, said jambs being provided with parallel stop portions defining elongated channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said opposite channels, elongated elements shiftably mounted on the laterally opposite side edges of said sash to have longitudinally extending por' tions thereof presented toward said corresponding stop portions of the channels, and manually operable clamping means mounted onsaid sash for shifting said elements toward and from clamping pressure of said longitudinally extending portions thereof against said corresponding-stop portions, thereby to urge the opposed edge portions of the sash toward sealing engagement with the corresponding stop portions of the channels, the mounting means for said elements including angular cam slots in the elements and pin on the sash extending through the same, said manually operable means being operable to shift said elements longitudinally to effect said clamping pressure.

p 2. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, inner and outer stop strips and a parting strip on each jamb defining vertical inner and outer channel-shaped guideways, upper and lower sashes slidably mounted between said outer and inner guideways, respectively, the guideways at one side of said frame each having hinge channels extending along the same, and extensible andcontractible hinges on said sashes and having slide portions. slidable in said hinge channels, said sashes in normal closed position thereof having space between the hinge edges of the same and the opposing portions of the corresponding vhinge channels to permit lateral movement of the respective sashes toward the said one side of the frame, said hinges thereby being contractible to permit lateral movement of the respective sashes toward said one side of the frame to release the respective sashes from the channel stop strips at the other side of the frame and thereby to permit inward swinging of the sashes on the hinges.

3. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, inner and outer stop strips and a parting strip on each jamb providing stop shoulders defining vertical inner and outer channel-shaped guideways, upper and lower sashes slidably mounted between said outer and inner guideways, respectively, the guideways at one side of said frame having hinge channels extending along the same, extensible and contractible hinges on said sashes and having slide portions slidable in said hinge channels, said hinges being contractible to permit lateral movement of the respective sashes toward said one side of the frame to release the respective sashes from the channel stop strips at the other side of the frame and thereby to permit inward swinging of the sashes on the hinges, elongated elementsshiftably mounted at the laterally opposite side edges of the respective sashes and having longitudinal edge portions engageable with corresponding stop shoulders. of the guideways, and manually operable means mounted on said sashes for shifting said elements thereof toward and from clamping pressure of said longitudinal edge portions thereof against said corresponding stop shoulders, thereby clampingly urging the sashes toward sealing engagement with transversely opposite stop shoulders of the guideways.

4. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jarnbs, inner and outer stop strips and a parting strip on each jamb providing stop shoulders defining vertical inner and outer channel-shaped guideways, upper and lower sashes slidably mounted between said outer and inner guideways, respectively, the guideways at one side of said frame having hinge channels extending along the same, extensible and contractible hinges on said sashes and having slide portions slidable in said hinge channels, said hinges being contractible to permit lateral movement of the respective sashes toward said one side of the frame to release the respective sashes from the channel stop strips at the other side of the frame and thereby to permit inward swinging of the sashes on the hinges, elongated elements shiftably mounted at the laterally opposite side edges of the respective sashes and having longitudinal edge portions presented toward corresponding stop shoulders of the guideways, and manually operable means mounted on said sashes for shifting said elements thereof toward and from clamping pressure of said longitudinal edge portions thereof toward said corresponding stop shoulders, each said sash having an auxiliary sash separably mounted thereon in superposed relation, each auxiliary sash having frame portions within said guideways engageable by said longitudinal edge portions of the respective said elongated elements, said superposed sashes thereby being separable by said clamping pressure of said elements and thereby urging the superposed sashes apart into sealing engagement with the corresponding stop portions of the. guideways.

5. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs,.said jambs being provided with parallel stop portions defining elongated channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said opposite channels, elongated elements shiftably mounted on the laterally opposite side edges of said sash to have longitudinally extending portions thereof presented toward corresponding stop pore tions of the channels, and manually operable clamping means mounted on said sash for shifting. saidelements toward and from clamping pressure of said longitudinally extending portions thereof towardsaid corresponding stop portions, urging sealing engagement with the corre sponding stop portions of said sash, said sash having an auxiliary sash separably mounted in superposed relation thereon and having frame portions within said channels pressure actuated by said longitudinally extending portions of the uespective said elements, said superposed sashes being separable by said clamping pressure of said elements and thereby urging said superposed sashes apart into sealing engagement with the corresponding stop portions of the guideways.

6. A Window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, said jambs being provided with parallel stop portions defining elongated channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said opposite channels, elongated elements shiftably mounted on the laterally opposite side edges. of said sash to have longitudinally extending portions thereof presented toward corresponding stop portions of the channels, and manually operable clamping means mounted on said sash for shifting said elements toward and from clamping pressure of said longitudinally extending portions thereof toward said corresponding stop portions, urging sealing engagement with the corresponding stop portions of said sash, said sash having an auxiliary sash separably mounted in superposed relation thereon and having frame portions within said channels pressure actuated by said longitudinally extending portions of the respective said elements, said superposed sashes being separable by said clamping pressure of said elements and thereby urging said superposed sashes apart into sealing engagement with the corresponding stop portions of the guideways, the separable connection between said superposed sashes including hinge means between the same having separable parts, whereby the sashes are relatively swingable from and toward superposed relation as well as being separable.

7. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, said jambs being provided with opposed parallel stop portions defining laterally opposite, elongated sash channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said laterally opposite channels, said sash having superposed thereon an auxiliary sash having frame portions within said channels, said superposed sa hes having edge portions engageable with said opposed stop portions, said superposed sashes being connected to be shiftable from and toward each other in substantial parallelism, and means at opposite sides of the first-named sash for urging said superposed sashes apart to sealing relation of said edge portions against said opposed stop portions.

8. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jarnbs, said jam'os being provided with opposed parallel stop portions defining laterally opposite, elongated sash channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said laterally opposite channels, said sash having superposed thereon an auxiliary sash having frame portions within said channels, said superposed sashes having edge portions engageable with said opposed stop portions,

ing included in hinge means between the same, whereby the sashes are relatively swingable from and toward said superposed relation.

9. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, said jambs being provided with opposed parallel stop portions defining laterally opposite elongated channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said op- H posite channels, elongated elements yieldingly shiftably mounted on the laterally opposite side edges of said sash to have longitudinally extending portions thereof presented toward corresponding opposed stop portions of the channels, and manually operable clamping means mounted on said sash for shifting said elements toward and from clamping pressure of said longitudinally extending portions thereof against said corresponding stop portions of the channels, said sash having superposed thereon an auxiliary sash having frame portions within said channels pressure actuated by said longitudinally extending portions of said elongated elements, said superposed sashes having edge portions engageable with said opposed stop portions, said superposed sashes being connected to be shiftahle from and toward each other in substantial parallelism whereby the clamping pressure of said elements is applied through said auxiliary sash by urging said superposed sashes apart to sealing relation of said edge portions against said opposed stop portions, the shiftable connection between said superposed sashes being included in hinge means between the same, whereby the sashes are relatively swingable from and toward said superposed relation.

10. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, said jambs being provided with opposed parallel stop portions defining laterally opposite, elongated sash channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said laterally opposite channels, said sash having superposed thereon an auxiliary sash having frame portions within said channels, said superposed sashes having edge portions engageable with said opposed stop portions, said superposed sashes being connected to be shiftable from and toward each other in substantial parallelism, and means at opposite sides of the first-named sash for urging said superposed sashes apart to sealing relation of said edge portions against said opposed stop portions, the shiftable connection between said superposed sashes being included in hinge means between the same, whereby the sashes are relatively swingable from and toward said superposed relation, locking means being provided at the side of the sashes opposite said hinge means for locking the same against hinging movement.

11. A window construction comprising a frame having laterally opposite side jambs, said jambs being provided with opposed parallel stop portions defining laterally opposite, elongated sash channels, a sash in said frame having laterally opposite side rails slidably received in said laterally opposite channels, said sash having superposed thereon an auxiliary sash having frame portions within said channels, said superposed sashes having edge portions engageable with said opposed stop portions, said superposed sashes being connected to be shiftable from and toward each other in substantial parallelism, and. means at opposite sides of the first-named sash for urging said superposed sashes apart to scaling relation of said edge portions against said opposed stop portions, the shiftable connection between said superposed sashes being included in hinge means between the same, whereby the sashes are relatively swingable from and toward said superposed relation, locking means being provided at the side of the sashes opposite said hinge means for locking the same against hinging movement, said locking means being operable by said clamping means.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNIT ED STATES PATENTS 519,333 Knight et al. May 8, 1894 1,445,863 Wilson Feb. 20, 1923 1,750,747 Domsheit Mar. 18, 1930 1,976,888 7 Muik Oct. 16, 1934 2,444,226 Hamelin June 29, 1948 2,604,673 Krocker July 29, 1952 

